(a) The architecture of a LMB, consisting of a layered oxide cathode, e.g. LiNi0.5Co0.2M0.3O2 (NCM) or LiCoO2 (LCO), a lithium metal anode, and organic liquid electrolyte. The comparison of two NCM-based LMBs in terms of (b) cycling performance and (c) the discharge voltage curves. Credit: Science China Press
With the long-term goal to realize carbon neutrality, lithium batteries have acquired a growingly central role in the development of human society. The accurate yet efficient prognosis of battery state of health (SOH) remains vital in ensuring a safe and reliable operation. In addition, as the demand to increase battery energy density continues to grow, the development of novel, high-energy-density battery systems such as lithium metal batteries is of paramount significance.
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